Applied Optoelectronics, Inc.
AAOI Nasdaq Semiconductors & Related Devices Financials FY2016–FY2025
Revenue
Total sales reported in the income statement.
$456M
82.8%
vs prior year
Operating margin
Operating income as a share of revenue.
−12.0%
16.5 pts
Net income
Profit after all expenses, interest and tax.
−$38.2M
Free cash flow
Cash from operations minus capital spending.
−$354M
Return on capital
After-tax operating income as a share of the money invested in the business: debt plus equity, minus cash.
−7.7%
22.1 pts
Market cap
Last close times the latest diluted share count, so it is approximate.
—
P/E
Last close divided by diluted earnings per share over the last four quarters.
—
On −$0.77 EPS (TTM)
What Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. does
No business description yet.
- Legal name
- APPLIED OPTOELECTRONICS, INC.
- Fiscal year ends
- December 31, 2025
- Latest annual report
- 10-K · Feb 26, 2026
- Accession · CIK
- 0001437749-26-005875
0001158114
Revenue and margins
Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. had $456M of revenue in fiscal 2025, up 82.8% on the year before.
FY16
Revenue $261M
FY17
Revenue $382M
FY18
Revenue $267M
FY19
Revenue $191M
FY20
Revenue $235M
FY21
Revenue $212M
FY22
Revenue $223M
FY23
Revenue $218M
FY24
Revenue $249M
FY25
Revenue $456M
Q3 '23
Revenue $62.5M
Q4 '23
Revenue $60.5M
Q1 '24
Revenue $40.7M
Q2 '24
Revenue $43.3M
Q3 '24
Revenue $65.2M
Q4 '24
Revenue $100M
Q1 '25
Revenue $99.9M
Q2 '25
Revenue $103M
Q3 '25
Revenue $119M
Q4 '25
Revenue $134M
Q1 '26
Revenue $151M
Q2 '26
Revenue $192M
FY16
Gross 33.4%
Operating 8.8%
Net 12.0%
FCF 2.9%
FY17
Gross 43.5%
Operating 22.7%
Net 19.3%
FCF 4.5%
FY18
Gross 32.8%
Operating −4.0%
Net −0.8%
FCF −21.6%
FY19
Gross 24.2%
Operating −25.5%
Net −34.6%
FCF −16.0%
FY20
Gross 21.5%
Operating −20.8%
Net −24.9%
FCF −25.5%
FY21
Gross 17.8%
Operating −26.8%
Net −25.6%
FCF −9.3%
FY22
Gross 15.1%
Operating −26.5%
Net −29.8%
FCF −7.7%
FY23
Gross 27.1%
Operating −19.0%
Net −25.8%
FCF −7.8%
FY24
Gross 24.8%
Operating −28.4%
Net −74.9%
FCF −45.3%
FY25
Gross 30.0%
Operating −12.0%
Net −8.4%
FCF −77.6%
Gross
Operating
Net
FCF
Q3 '23
Gross 32.3%
Operating −10.7%
Net −14.3%
FCF −26.9%
Q4 '23
Gross 35.7%
Operating −7.5%
Net −22.9%
FCF −7.6%
Q1 '24
Gross 18.7%
Operating −53.2%
Net −57.0%
FCF −84.2%
Q2 '24
Gross 22.1%
Operating −60.7%
Net −60.4%
FCF −11.5%
Q3 '24
Gross 24.4%
Operating −25.4%
Net −27.3%
FCF −31.8%
Q4 '24
Gross 28.7%
Operating −6.5%
Net −119.4%
FCF −52.9%
Q1 '25
Gross 30.6%
Operating −8.9%
Net −9.2%
FCF −79.4%
Q2 '25
Gross 30.3%
Operating −15.5%
Net −8.8%
FCF −88.3%
Q3 '25
Gross 28.0%
Operating −15.3%
Net −15.1%
FCF −66.3%
Q4 '25
Gross 31.2%
Operating −8.6%
Net −1.5%
FCF −77.9%
Q1 '26
Gross 29.1%
Operating −8.6%
Net −9.4%
FCF −95.0%
Q2 '26
Gross 27.7%
Operating −12.9%
Net −11.9%
FCF —
Gross
Operating
Net
FCF
Net income and earnings per share
Loss periods are shown in red.
FY16
Net income $31.2M
FY17
Net income $74.0M
FY18
Net income −$2.1M
FY19
Net income −$66.0M
FY20
Net income −$58.5M
FY21
Net income −$54.2M
FY22
Net income −$66.4M
FY23
Net income −$56.0M
FY24
Net income −$187M
FY25
Net income −$38.2M
Q3 '23
Net income −$9.0M
Q4 '23
Net income −$13.9M
Q1 '24
Net income −$23.2M
Q2 '24
Net income −$26.1M
Q3 '24
Net income −$17.8M
Q4 '24
Net income −$120M
Q1 '25
Net income −$9.2M
Q2 '25
Net income −$9.1M
Q3 '25
Net income −$17.9M
Q4 '25
Net income −$2.0M
Q1 '26
Net income −$14.3M
Q2 '26
Net income −$22.8M
FY16
Diluted EPS $1.76
FY17
Diluted EPS $3.67
FY18
Diluted EPS −$0.11
FY19
Diluted EPS −$3.31
FY20
Diluted EPS −$2.67
FY21
Diluted EPS −$2.01
FY22
Diluted EPS −$2.38
FY23
Diluted EPS −$1.75
FY24
Diluted EPS −$4.50
FY25
Diluted EPS −$0.64
Q3 '23
Diluted EPS −$0.27
Q4 '23
Diluted EPS −$0.35
Q1 '24
Diluted EPS −$0.60
Q2 '24
Diluted EPS −$0.66
Q3 '24
Diluted EPS −$0.42
Q4 '24
Diluted EPS −$2.82
Q1 '25
Diluted EPS −$0.18
Q2 '25
Diluted EPS −$0.16
Q3 '25
Diluted EPS −$0.28
Q4 '25
Diluted EPS −$0.02
Q1 '26
Diluted EPS −$0.19
Q2 '26
Diluted EPS −$0.28
Returns on capital
After-tax operating income as a share of the money invested in the business: debt plus equity, minus cash.
FY16
Return on capital 10.5%
Return on equity 13.7%
Return on assets 9.7%
FY17
Return on capital 25.4%
Return on equity 26.4%
Return on assets 19.1%
FY18
Return on capital −2.4%
Return on equity −0.6%
Return on assets −0.5%
FY19
Return on capital −14.6%
Return on equity −21.9%
Return on assets −14.1%
FY20
Return on capital −13.5%
Return on equity −21.2%
Return on assets −12.3%
FY21
Return on capital −16.3%
Return on equity −20.3%
Return on assets −11.6%
FY22
Return on capital −21.5%
Return on equity −30.2%
Return on assets −15.4%
FY23
Return on capital −17.0%
Return on equity −28.1%
Return on assets −14.1%
FY24
Return on capital −29.7%
Return on equity −84.1%
Return on assets −39.9%
FY25
Return on capital −7.7%
Return on equity −7.9%
Return on assets −4.5%
Return on capital
Return on equity
Return on assets
Cash flow
Free cash flow was −$354M in fiscal 2025, −77.6% of revenue. Cash from operations minus capital spending.
FY16
Free cash flow $7.7M
FY17
Free cash flow $17.3M
FY18
Free cash flow −$57.8M
FY19
Free cash flow −$30.5M
FY20
Free cash flow −$59.8M
FY21
Free cash flow −$19.6M
FY22
Free cash flow −$17.2M
FY23
Free cash flow −$17.0M
FY24
Free cash flow −$113M
FY25
Free cash flow −$354M
Q3 '23
Free cash flow −$16.8M
Q4 '23
Free cash flow −$4.6M
Q1 '24
Free cash flow −$34.2M
Q2 '24
Free cash flow −$5.0M
Q3 '24
Free cash flow −$20.7M
Q4 '24
Free cash flow −$53.0M
Q1 '25
Free cash flow −$79.3M
Q2 '25
Free cash flow −$91.0M
Q3 '25
Free cash flow −$78.7M
Q4 '25
Free cash flow −$105M
Q1 '26
Free cash flow −$144M
Q2 '26
Free cash flow —
FY16
Cash from operations $57.1M
Capital spending $49.4M
FY17
Cash from operations $84.3M
Capital spending $67.0M
FY18
Cash from operations $14.0M
Capital spending $71.9M
FY19
Cash from operations −$1.8M
Capital spending $28.8M
FY20
Cash from operations −$44.0M
Capital spending $15.8M
FY21
Cash from operations −$11.6M
Capital spending $8.0M
FY22
Cash from operations −$14.0M
Capital spending $3.2M
FY23
Cash from operations −$7.9M
Capital spending $9.1M
FY24
Cash from operations −$69.5M
Capital spending $43.4M
FY25
Cash from operations −$174M
Capital spending $179M
Cash from operations
Capital spending
Q3 '23
Cash from operations −$15.3M
Capital spending $1.5M
Q4 '23
Cash from operations $1.6M
Capital spending $6.2M
Q1 '24
Cash from operations −$28.5M
Capital spending $5.8M
Q2 '24
Cash from operations −$2.0M
Capital spending $3.0M
Q3 '24
Cash from operations −$14.4M
Capital spending $6.3M
Q4 '24
Cash from operations −$24.6M
Capital spending $28.4M
Q1 '25
Cash from operations −$50.9M
Capital spending $28.4M
Q2 '25
Cash from operations −$65.5M
Capital spending $25.5M
Q3 '25
Cash from operations −$28.5M
Capital spending $50.2M
Q4 '25
Cash from operations −$29.6M
Capital spending $75.0M
Q1 '26
Cash from operations −$85.4M
Capital spending $58.2M
Q2 '26
Cash from operations $11.6M
Capital spending —
Cash from operations
Capital spending
Dividends, buybacks and share count
Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. returned — to shareholders in fiscal 2025. The diluted share count rose 44.9%.
FY16
Dividends —
Buybacks —
FY17
Dividends —
Buybacks —
FY18
Dividends —
Buybacks —
FY19
Dividends —
Buybacks —
FY20
Dividends —
Buybacks —
FY21
Dividends —
Buybacks —
FY22
Dividends —
Buybacks —
FY23
Dividends —
Buybacks —
FY24
Dividends —
Buybacks —
FY25
Dividends —
Buybacks —
Dividends
Buybacks
FY16
Diluted shares 0.02B
FY17
Diluted shares 0.02B
FY18
Diluted shares 0.02B
FY19
Diluted shares 0.02B
FY20
Diluted shares 0.02B
FY21
Diluted shares 0.03B
FY22
Diluted shares 0.03B
FY23
Diluted shares 0.03B
FY24
Diluted shares 0.04B
FY25
Diluted shares 0.06B
Balance sheet
Cash, debt and the ratios that show how comfortably Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. can carry it.
FY16
Cash $50.3M
Debt $42.8M
FY17
Cash $83.0M
Debt $49.5M
FY18
Cash $55.6M
Debt $83.9M
FY19
Cash $60.0M
Debt $50.0M
FY20
Cash $43.4M
Debt $52.3M
FY21
Cash $34.7M
Debt $54.8M
FY22
Cash $24.7M
Debt $57.1M
FY23
Cash $45.4M
Debt $23.2M
FY24
Cash $67.4M
Debt $26.7M
FY25
Cash $206M
Debt $34.0M
Cash
Debt
| Fiscal year end | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash and short-term investments | $34.7M | $24.7M | $45.4M | $67.4M | $206M |
| Debt incl. finance leases | $54.8M | $57.1M | $23.2M | $26.7M | $34.0M |
| Debt / equity | 0.2x | 0.3x | 0.1x | 0.1x | 0.0x |
| Interest coverage | −10.1x | −9.3x | −4.4x | −10.4x | −15.6x |
| Current ratio | 1.8x | 1.3x | 1.8x | 1.8x | 2.6x |
| Quick ratio | 0.9x | 0.7x | 1.2x | 1.3x | 1.9x |
| Total assets | $454M | $408M | $389M | $547M | $1.2B |
| Total liabilities | $200M | $224M | $174M | $318M | $435M |
| Shareholders' equity | $255M | $185M | $215M | $229M | $734M |
| Net debt (− = net cash) | $20.1M | $32.5M | −$22.2M | −$40.7M | −$172M |
Insider trades
Open-market purchases and sales by officers, directors and 10% owners, from Form 4 filings. 'Plan' marks trades under a pre-arranged Rule 10b5-1 plan.
Bought, 12 months
$0.0M
0 insiders
Sold, 12 months
$0.0M
0 insiders
Of sales under plans
—
$0.0M
No open-market insider trades in the last 12 months.
Piotroski F-score
Nine pass/fail tests of profitability, funding and efficiency. 8–9 is strong, 0–2 weak.
| Test | FY16 | FY17 | FY18 | FY19 | FY20 | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Net income is positive | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ |
| Cash from operations is positive | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ |
| Return on assets rose | — | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ | ✓ | ✕ | ✓ |
| Cash from operations exceeds net income | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ |
| Debt fell relative to assets | — | ✓ | ✕ | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Current ratio rose | — | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✕ | ✓ |
| Share count didn't rise | — | ✕ | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ |
| Gross margin rose | — | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✕ | ✓ |
| Revenue rose relative to assets | — | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ | ✓ | ✕ | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ |
| F-score | — / 3 | 8 / 9 | 3 / 9 | 2 / 9 | 3 / 9 | 2 / 9 | 2 / 9 | 6 / 9 | 2 / 9 | 4 / 9 |
| Accruals ratio | −8.0% | −2.7% | −3.5% | −13.8% | −3.0% | −9.1% | −12.1% | −12.1% | −25.0% | 15.9% |
| Altman Z'' | 4.61 | 6.79 | 4.25 | 2.00 | 1.60 | 0.70 | −1.06 | −0.30 | −1.23 | 2.44 |
10 years of figures
US$ millions unless stated. Hover a ratio's name for its definition.
| Fiscal year | FY16 | FY17 | FY18 | FY19 | FY20 | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income statement | ||||||||||
| Revenue | $261M | $382M | $267M | $191M | $235M | $212M | $223M | $218M | $249M | $456M |
| Gross profit | $87.0M | $166M | $87.8M | $46.2M | $50.5M | $37.7M | $33.6M | $58.9M | $61.8M | $137M |
| Research and development | $31.8M | $35.4M | $49.9M | $43.4M | $43.4M | $41.2M | $36.2M | $36.0M | $55.0M | $85.5M |
| Operating income | $23.0M | $87.0M | −$10.8M | −$48.7M | −$48.8M | −$56.8M | −$59.0M | −$41.3M | −$70.9M | −$54.6M |
| Interest expense | $1.7M | $0.9M | $1.1M | $5.4M | $5.6M | $5.6M | $6.3M | $9.4M | $6.8M | $3.5M |
| Pretax income | $21.0M | $84.5M | −$9.8M | −$51.4M | −$51.2M | −$54.2M | −$66.4M | −$56.0M | −$187M | −$46.7M |
| Income tax | −$10.2M | $10.6M | −$7.6M | $14.7M | $7.2M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | −$8.5M |
| Net income | $31.2M | $74.0M | −$2.1M | −$66.0M | −$58.5M | −$54.2M | −$66.4M | −$56.0M | −$187M | −$38.2M |
| Net income to common | $31.2M | $74.0M | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Diluted EPS | $1.76 | $3.67 | −$0.11 | −$3.31 | −$2.67 | −$2.01 | −$2.38 | −$1.75 | −$4.50 | −$0.64 |
| Diluted shares | 0.02B | 0.02B | 0.02B | 0.02B | 0.02B | 0.03B | 0.03B | 0.03B | 0.04B | 0.06B |
| Cash flow | ||||||||||
| Cash from operations | $57.1M | $84.3M | $14.0M | −$1.8M | −$44.0M | −$11.6M | −$14.0M | −$7.9M | −$69.5M | −$174M |
| Capital expenditure | $49.4M | $67.0M | $71.9M | $28.8M | $15.8M | $8.0M | $3.2M | $9.1M | $43.4M | $179M |
| Free cash flow | $7.7M | $17.3M | −$57.8M | −$30.5M | −$59.8M | −$19.6M | −$17.2M | −$17.0M | −$113M | −$354M |
| Depreciation and amortization | $14.2M | $20.4M | $29.7M | $24.0M | $24.7M | $25.4M | $23.2M | $20.4M | $20.6M | $27.7M |
| Stock-based compensation | $3.8M | $7.8M | $11.1M | $11.8M | $13.0M | $12.1M | $9.6M | $11.9M | $14.8M | $11.7M |
| Balance sheet | ||||||||||
| Cash and short-term investments | $50.3M | $83.0M | $55.6M | $60.0M | $43.4M | $34.7M | $24.7M | $45.4M | $67.4M | $206M |
| Total debt | $42.8M | $49.5M | $83.9M | $49.9M | $52.2M | $54.7M | $57.1M | $23.2M | $26.7M | $34.0M |
| Finance lease liabilities | — | — | — | $0.1M | $0.1M | $0.1M | $0.1M | $0.0M | — | — |
| Current assets | $158M | $230M | $194M | $193M | $209M | $194M | $183M | $173M | $301M | $676M |
| Current liabilities | $60.0M | $70.7M | $77.4M | $91.4M | $103M | $109M | $139M | $93.4M | $170M | $257M |
| Inventory | $51.8M | $75.8M | $93.3M | $85.0M | $110M | $92.5M | $79.7M | $63.9M | $88.1M | $183M |
| Property and equipment, net | $144M | $198M | $234M | $248M | $253M | $243M | $210M | $200M | $219M | $376M |
| Intangible assets | $4.0M | $4.0M | $4.0M | $4.1M | $4.0M | $3.8M | $3.7M | $3.6M | $3.7M | $3.6M |
| Total assets | $322M | $453M | $467M | $467M | $481M | $454M | $408M | $389M | $547M | $1.2B |
| Total liabilities | $94.9M | $120M | $138M | $193M | $203M | $200M | $224M | $174M | $318M | $435M |
| Preferred stock | — | — | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M |
| Shareholders' equity | $227M | $333M | $329M | $274M | $278M | $255M | $185M | $215M | $229M | $734M |
| Margins | ||||||||||
| Gross margin | 33.4% | 43.5% | 32.8% | 24.2% | 21.5% | 17.8% | 15.1% | 27.1% | 24.8% | 30.0% |
| Operating margin | 8.8% | 22.7% | −4.0% | −25.5% | −20.8% | −26.8% | −26.5% | −19.0% | −28.4% | −12.0% |
| EBITDA margin | 14.3% | 28.1% | 7.1% | −13.0% | −10.3% | −14.8% | −16.1% | −9.6% | −20.2% | −5.9% |
| Net margin | 12.0% | 19.3% | −0.8% | −34.6% | −24.9% | −25.6% | −29.8% | −25.8% | −74.9% | −8.4% |
| FCF margin | 2.9% | 4.5% | −21.6% | −16.0% | −25.5% | −9.3% | −7.7% | −7.8% | −45.3% | −77.6% |
| Returns | ||||||||||
| Return on capital | 10.5% | 25.4% | −2.4% | −14.6% | −13.5% | −16.3% | −21.5% | −17.0% | −29.7% | −7.7% |
| Return on capital employed | 8.8% | 22.7% | −2.8% | −13.0% | −12.9% | −16.4% | −21.9% | −14.0% | −18.8% | −6.0% |
| Return on equity | 13.7% | 26.4% | −0.6% | −21.9% | −21.2% | −20.3% | −30.2% | −28.1% | −84.1% | −7.9% |
| Return on assets | 9.7% | 19.1% | −0.5% | −14.1% | −12.3% | −11.6% | −15.4% | −14.1% | −39.9% | −4.5% |
| Return on tangible equity | 14.0% | 22.5% | −0.7% | −24.5% | −21.3% | −21.6% | −36.7% | −26.5% | −82.8% | −5.2% |
| Growth | ||||||||||
| Revenue growth | — | 46.6% | −30.0% | −28.6% | 22.9% | −9.8% | 5.3% | −2.3% | 14.6% | 82.8% |
| Net income growth | — | 136.8% | −102.9% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| EPS growth | — | 108.5% | −103.0% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| FCF growth | — | 126.0% | −433.9% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Share count change | — | 13.7% | −2.4% | 1.7% | 9.4% | 23.1% | 3.5% | 14.7% | 30.0% | 44.9% |
| Financial health | ||||||||||
| Net debt / EBITDA | −0.2x | −0.3x | 1.5x | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Debt / equity | 0.2x | 0.1x | 0.3x | 0.2x | 0.2x | 0.2x | 0.3x | 0.1x | 0.1x | 0.0x |
| Interest coverage | 13.4x | 101.3x | −9.7x | −9.0x | −8.7x | −10.1x | −9.3x | −4.4x | −10.4x | −15.6x |
| Current ratio | 2.6x | 3.2x | 2.5x | 2.1x | 2.0x | 1.8x | 1.3x | 1.8x | 1.8x | 2.6x |
| Quick ratio | 1.8x | 2.2x | 1.3x | 1.2x | 1.0x | 0.9x | 0.7x | 1.2x | 1.3x | 1.9x |
| Capital allocation | ||||||||||
| Capex / revenue | 19.0% | 17.5% | 26.9% | 15.1% | 6.7% | 3.8% | 1.4% | 4.2% | 17.4% | 39.3% |
| Stock comp / revenue | 1.5% | 2.0% | 4.2% | 6.2% | 5.6% | 5.7% | 4.3% | 5.5% | 5.9% | 2.6% |
| Quality scores | ||||||||||
| Piotroski F-score | — | 8.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 6.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 |
| Altman Z'' | 4.6 | 6.8 | 4.2 | 2.0 | 1.6 | 0.7 | −1.1 | −0.3 | −1.2 | 2.4 |
| Accruals ratio | −8.0% | −2.7% | −3.5% | −13.8% | −3.0% | −9.1% | −12.1% | −12.1% | −25.0% | 15.9% |
Source: SEC EDGAR XBRL filings (CIK 0001158114). Data updated October 24, 2026. Quarterly fourth quarters are the full year minus the first nine months. For information only — not investment advice. Check the original filings before relying on any figure.