MSFT Nasdaq Systems Software Financials FY2017βFY2026
Microsoft makes software, cloud computing services and devices for people, businesses and governments around the world. Its products include the Windows operating system, the Microsoft 365 office apps and Teams, the Azure cloud platform, the LinkedIn professional network, Dynamics business software, the Bing search engine, Surface computers and Xbox consoles and games. It is adding artificial intelligence tools, such as its Copilot assistants, across these products.
Hi! I read Microsoftβs latest annual report (fiscal 2026). Here is what stands out:
Good So-so Weak
Are sales growing?
+17.8%
Yes. Sales grew 17.8% last year.
Does it make a profit?
40.3%
Yes. It keeps 40.3% of every sale as profit.
Does profit turn into cash?
20.2%
Yes. 20.2% of sales ends up as free cash.
Is debt under control?
0.2x
Yes. It could repay its debt with 0.2 years of operating profit.
How healthy are the accounts?
6 / 9
Mixed. It passes 6 of 9 health tests.
Rules of thumb on reported numbers. A starting point, not a recommendation.
Is it selling more, and how much does it keep?
KIRA summarises the numbers
Microsoft had $331.8B of revenue in fiscal 2026, up 17.8% on the year before.
Over five years, revenue changed +14.6% a year on average.
Its operating margin was 46.8%, up 1.2Β pts: of every 100 in sales, about 47 is left after running the business.
Revenue
Revenue
Margins, % of revenue
Margins, % of revenue
In plain words: Revenue is all the money customers paid. The margins show how many cents of each dollar of sales are left over at each step: after making the product (gross), after running the business (operating) and after everything, tax included (net).
Loss periods are shown in red.
KIRA summarises the numbers
Microsoft made $133.7B of net profit in fiscal 2026.
From fiscal 2017 to 2026, diluted EPS grew 20.9% a year.
Net income
Net income
Diluted EPS
Diluted EPS
In plain words: Net income is the profit left after every cost and tax. Earnings per share (EPS) splits that profit across every share, so it shows what one share earned.
How much cash comes in, and where does it go?
Cash from operations minus capital spending.
KIRA summarises the numbers
Free cash flow was $67.0B in fiscal 2026, 20.2% of revenue.
Free cash flow
Free cash flow
Cash from operations vs capital spending
Cash from operations vs capital spending
In plain words: Profit on paper is not the same as cash in the bank. Free cash flow is the cash left after paying to run and maintain the business: the money it can hand back to shareholders, save or invest.
KIRA summarises the numbers
Microsoft returned $48.7B to shareholders in fiscal 2026, 73% of free cash flow.
The diluted share count fell 0.2%.
Dividends and buybacks
Dividends and buybacks
Diluted shares outstanding (annual)
In plain words: Companies hand cash back in two ways: dividends (cash paid to shareholders) and buybacks (buying back their own shares, so each remaining share owns a bigger slice).
Open-market purchases and sales by officers, directors and 10% owners, from Form 4 filings. βPlanβ marks trades under a pre-arranged Rule 10b5-1 plan.
KIRA summarises the numbers
In the last 12 months, insiders bought $2.0M and sold $119M of shares on the open market.
Bought, 12 months
$2.0M
1 insider
Sold, 12 months
$119M
7 insiders
Of sales under plans
57%
$68.1M
| Date | Insider | Trade | Shares | Price | Value | Filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 13, 2026 | Amy HoodEVP, Chief Financial Officer | Sold plan | 7,305 | $545.42 | $4.0M | Form 4 |
| Sep 14, 2026 | Amy HoodEVP, Chief Financial Officer | Sold plan | 41,674 | $498.27 | $20.8M | Form 4 |
| Sep 1, 2026 | Satya NadellaChief Executive Officer, Director | Sold plan | 86,525 | $501.46 | $43.4M | Form 4 |
| Aug 5, 2026 | Judson AlthoffCEO Microsoft Commercial | Sold | 10,000 | $487.89 | $4.9M | Form 4 |
| Aug 4, 2026 | Takeshi NumotoEVP, Chief Marketing Officer | Sold | 4,810 | $496.48 | $2.4M | Form 4 |
| Jun 10, 2026 | Takeshi NumotoEVP, Chief Marketing Officer | Sold | 4,500 | $402.84 | $1.8M | Form 4 |
| Jun 8, 2026 | Takeshi NumotoEVP, Chief Marketing Officer | Sold | 2,500 | $412.45 | $1.0M | Form 4 |
| Jun 1, 2026 | Judson AlthoffCEO Microsoft Commercial | Sold | 15,500 | $460.99 | $7.1M | Form 4 |
| May 14, 2026 | Amy ColemanEVP, Chief Human Resources Off | Sold | 1,262 | $411.34 | $0.5M | Form 4 |
| Mar 6, 2026 | Kathleen T HoganEVP, Strategy | Sold | 12,321 | $409.52 | $5.0M | Form 4 |
| Feb 18, 2026 | John W StantonDirector | Bought | 5,000 | $397.35 | $2.0M | Form 4 |
| Dec 4, 2025 | Takeshi NumotoEVP, Chief Marketing Officer | Sold | 2,850 | $478.72 | $1.4M | Form 4 |
| Dec 2, 2025 | Judson AlthoffCEO Microsoft Commercial | Sold | 12,750 | $491.52 | $6.3M | Form 4 |
| Nov 3, 2025 | Bradford L SmithVice Chair and President | Sold | 38,500 | $518.64 | $20.0M | Form 4 |
| May 5, 2025 | Bradford L SmithVice Chair and President | Sold | 3,812 | $438.82 | $1.7M | Form 4 |
| Apr 30, 2025 | Bradford L SmithVice Chair and President | Sold | 30 | $390.57 | $0.0M | Form 4 |
| Apr 23, 2025 | Bradford L SmithVice Chair and President | Bought | 3,842 | $377.47 | $1.5M | Form 4 |
In plain words: Insiders are the people who run or own a big part of the company. Buying with their own money can signal confidence; selling often has personal reasons, like taxes or diversifying.
Can it carry its debts, and how well does it use its money?
Cash, debt and the ratios that show how comfortably Microsoft can carry it.
KIRA summarises the numbers
Microsoft owes $30.0B more than it holds in cash, about 0.2 years of operating profit.
Cash vs debt (incl. leases)
| Fiscal year end | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | FY26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash and short-term investments | $104.8B | $111.3B | $75.5B | $94.6B | $76.8B |
| Debt incl. finance leases | $64.7B | $64.3B | $78.8B | $89.3B | $106.9B |
| Net debt / EBITDA | β0.4x | β0.5x | 0.0x | β0.0x | 0.2x |
| Debt / equity | 0.4x | 0.3x | 0.3x | 0.3x | 0.2x |
| Interest coverage | 40.4x | 45.0x | 37.3x | 53.9x | 50.9x |
| Current ratio | 1.8x | 1.8x | 1.3x | 1.4x | 1.2x |
| Quick ratio | 1.8x | 1.8x | 1.3x | 1.4x | 1.2x |
| Total assets | $364.8B | $412.0B | $512.2B | $619.0B | $758.4B |
| Total liabilities | $198.3B | $205.8B | $243.7B | $275.5B | $316.0B |
| Shareholders' equity | $166.5B | $206.2B | $268.5B | $343.5B | $442.4B |
| Net debt (β = net cash) | β$40.1B | β$47.0B | $3.2B | β$5.2B | $30.0B |
In plain words: What the company owns and what it owes. More cash than debt is a cushion for bad times; a lot of debt leaves less room when business slows down.
After-tax operating income as a share of the money invested in the business: debt plus equity, minus cash.
KIRA summarises the numbers
Its return on capital was 30.9%: every 100 invested in the business earned about 31 in a year.
Return on capital, equity and assets (annual)
In plain words: How much profit the business makes on the money put into it. A higher percentage means each dollar invested works harder.
Nine pass/fail tests of profitability, funding and efficiency. 8β9 is strong, 0β2 weak.
KIRA summarises the numbers
Microsoft passes 6 of 9 financial health tests (Piotroski F-score).
| Test | FY24 | FY25 | FY26 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net income is positive | β | β | β |
| Cash from operations is positive | β | β | β |
| Return on assets rose | β | β | β |
| Cash from operations exceeds net income | β | β | β |
| Debt fell relative to assets | β | β | β |
| Current ratio rose | β | β | β |
| Share count didn't rise | β | β | β |
| Gross margin rose | β | β | β |
| Revenue rose relative to assets | β | β | β |
| F-score | 8 / 9 | 6 / 9 | 6 / 9 |
| Accruals ratio | β6.6% | β6.1% | β7.1% |
| Altman Z'' | 4.14 | 4.49 | 4.59 |
In plain words: Nine yes/no tests of financial health, one point each. A green tick is a pass: 7 to 9 points is solid, 0 to 3 is weak.
What does the share cost, and how does it compare?
What could happen to the share if things go badly, normally or very well? Pick a story or make your own. These are examples, not forecasts or price targets.
KIRA summarises the numbers
At $531.33 a share, the company is worth $3.96T.
Tap one to see how it is built. Swipe for more.
Share in 5 years
$1,093.33
+16% a year
If you put in $1,000 today: $2,058
At 29x, earnings only need to grow 0.4% a year for the share to be worth todayβs price in 5 years. Faster, you gain; slower, you lose.
These are examples, not forecasts: nobody knows which will happen. Price in 5 years = earnings per share then Γ the P/E then. Dividends are not included.
Value per share
β
Adds net cash of β$30.0B and divides by 7,453.0M diluted shares. Ten years of cash flows plus a terminal value, discounted to today.
Value per share
β
Reference multiples: today 29.2x Β· peers 20.9x Β· sector 33.5x.
In plain words: In the long run a share tends to follow two things: how much the company earns per share, and how many times those earnings the market is willing to pay (the P/E). Move those two levers and you see what the share could be worth. Different guesses give very different answers.
Each companyβs latest fiscal year. Fiscal years end in different months, so periods donβt line up exactly.
KIRA summarises the numbers
Microsoft grew sales faster than 3 of its 4 similar companies.
| Company | Market cap | Growth | Op. margin | FCF margin | ROIC | P/E | F-score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft MSFT | $3.96T | 17.8% | 46.8% | 20.2% | 30.9% | β | 6 | |
| Apple AAPL | $5.11T | 6.4% | 32.0% | 23.7% | 102.9% | 39.9x | 8 | Compare β |
| Alphabet GOOGL | $3.95T | 15.1% | 32.0% | 18.2% | 36.7% | 16.1x | 8 | Compare β |
| Amazon AMZN | $2.76T | 12.4% | 11.2% | 1.1% | 20.6% | 20.4x | 6 | Compare β |
| Meta Platforms META | $1.60T | 22.2% | 41.4% | 22.9% | 35.5% | 21.2x | 6 | Compare β |
In plain words: The same numbers for similar companies, so you can tell whether a figure is high or low for this kind of business.
Every number, year by year.
Amounts in USD. Hover a ratioβs name for its definition.
| Fiscal year | FY17 | FY18 | FY19 | FY20 | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 | FY26 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income statement | ||||||||||
| Revenue | $96.6B | $110.4B | $125.8B | $143.0B | $168.1B | $198.3B | $211.9B | $245.1B | $281.7B | $331.8B |
| Gross profit | $62.3B | $72.0B | $82.9B | $96.9B | $115.9B | $135.6B | $146.1B | $171.0B | $193.9B | $225.5B |
| Research and development | $13.0B | $14.7B | $16.9B | $19.3B | $20.7B | $24.5B | $27.2B | $29.5B | $32.5B | $35.6B |
| Operating income | $29.0B | $35.1B | $43.0B | $53.0B | $69.9B | $83.4B | $88.5B | $109.4B | $128.5B | $155.2B |
| Interest expense | $2.2B | $2.7B | $2.7B | $2.6B | $2.3B | $2.1B | $2.0B | $2.9B | $2.4B | $3.1B |
| Pretax income | $29.9B | $36.5B | $43.7B | $53.0B | $71.1B | $83.7B | $89.3B | $107.8B | $123.6B | $165.9B |
| Income tax | $4.4B | $19.9B | $4.4B | $8.8B | $9.8B | $11.0B | $17.0B | $19.7B | $21.8B | $32.2B |
| Net income | $25.5B | $16.6B | $39.2B | $44.3B | $61.3B | $72.7B | $72.4B | $88.1B | $101.8B | $133.7B |
| Diluted EPS | $3.25 | $2.13 | $5.06 | $5.76 | $8.05 | $9.65 | $9.68 | $11.80 | $13.64 | $17.95 |
| Diluted shares | 7.83B | 7.79B | 7.75B | 7.68B | 7.61B | 7.54B | 7.47B | 7.47B | 7.47B | 7.45B |
| Cash flow | ||||||||||
| Cash from operations | $39.5B | $43.9B | $52.2B | $60.7B | $76.7B | $89.0B | $87.6B | $118.5B | $136.2B | $182.9B |
| Capital expenditure | $8.1B | $11.6B | $13.9B | $15.4B | $20.6B | $23.9B | $28.1B | $44.5B | $64.6B | $115.9B |
| Free cash flow | $31.4B | $32.3B | $38.3B | $45.2B | $56.1B | $65.1B | $59.5B | $74.1B | $71.6B | $67.0B |
| Depreciation and amortization | $7.8B | $9.9B | $11.6B | $12.3B | $10.9B | $14.6B | $13.5B | $20.0B | $28.0B | $39.0B |
| Stock-based compensation | $3.3B | $3.9B | $4.7B | $5.3B | $6.1B | $7.5B | $9.6B | $10.7B | $12.0B | $12.4B |
| Acquisitions | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M |
| Share buybacks | $11.8B | $10.7B | $19.5B | $23.0B | $27.4B | $32.7B | $22.2B | $17.3B | $18.4B | $22.3B |
| Dividends paid | $11.8B | $12.7B | $13.8B | $15.1B | $16.5B | $18.1B | $19.8B | $21.8B | $24.1B | $26.4B |
| Dividends and buybacks | $23.6B | $23.4B | $33.4B | $38.1B | $43.9B | $50.8B | $42.0B | $39.0B | $42.5B | $48.7B |
| Balance sheet | ||||||||||
| Cash and short-term investments | $133.0B | $133.8B | $133.8B | $136.5B | $130.3B | $104.8B | $111.3B | $75.5B | $94.6B | $76.8B |
| Total debt | $86.2B | $76.2B | $72.2B | $63.3B | $58.1B | $49.8B | $47.2B | $51.6B | $43.2B | $40.3B |
| Finance lease liabilities | $2.5B | $4.3B | $6.6B | $9.5B | $12.5B | $14.9B | $17.1B | $27.1B | $46.2B | $66.6B |
| Current assets | $162.7B | $169.7B | $175.6B | $181.9B | $184.4B | $169.7B | $184.3B | $159.7B | $191.1B | $207.7B |
| Current liabilities | $55.7B | $58.5B | $69.4B | $72.3B | $88.7B | $95.1B | $104.1B | $125.3B | $141.2B | $168.8B |
| Inventory | $2.2B | $2.7B | $2.1B | $1.9B | $2.6B | $3.7B | $2.5B | $1.2B | $938M | $1.4B |
| Property and equipment, net | $23.7B | $29.5B | $36.5B | $44.2B | $59.7B | $74.4B | $95.6B | $135.6B | $205.0B | $313.1B |
| Total assets | $250.3B | $258.8B | $286.6B | $301.3B | $333.8B | $364.8B | $412.0B | $512.2B | $619.0B | $758.4B |
| Total liabilities | $162.6B | $176.1B | $184.2B | $183.0B | $191.8B | $198.3B | $205.8B | $243.7B | $275.5B | $316.0B |
| Shareholders' equity | $87.7B | $82.7B | $102.3B | $118.3B | $142.0B | $166.5B | $206.2B | $268.5B | $343.5B | $442.4B |
| Margins | ||||||||||
| Gross margin | 64.5% | 65.3% | 65.9% | 67.8% | 68.9% | 68.4% | 68.9% | 69.8% | 68.8% | 67.9% |
| Operating margin | 30.1% | 31.8% | 34.1% | 37.0% | 41.6% | 42.1% | 41.8% | 44.6% | 45.6% | 46.8% |
| EBITDA margin | 38.1% | 40.7% | 43.4% | 45.6% | 48.1% | 49.4% | 48.1% | 52.8% | 55.6% | 58.5% |
| Net margin | 26.4% | 15.0% | 31.2% | 31.0% | 36.5% | 36.7% | 34.2% | 36.0% | 36.2% | 40.3% |
| FCF margin | 32.5% | 29.2% | 30.4% | 31.6% | 33.4% | 32.9% | 28.1% | 30.2% | 25.4% | 20.2% |
| Returns | ||||||||||
| Return on capital | 74.1% | 48.1% | 100.6% | 86.8% | 88.0% | 69.4% | 50.2% | 41.5% | 34.7% | 30.9% |
| Return on capital employed | 17.7% | 17.8% | 20.6% | 23.7% | 29.5% | 32.4% | 30.7% | 31.5% | 29.7% | 29.1% |
| Return on equity | 29.9% | 19.5% | 42.4% | 40.1% | 47.1% | 47.2% | 38.8% | 37.1% | 33.3% | 34.0% |
| Return on assets | 11.5% | 6.5% | 14.4% | 15.1% | 19.3% | 20.8% | 18.6% | 19.1% | 18.0% | 19.4% |
| Growth | ||||||||||
| Revenue growth | 5.9% | 14.3% | 14.0% | 13.7% | 17.5% | 18.0% | 6.9% | 15.7% | 14.9% | 17.8% |
| Net income growth | 24.1% | β35.0% | 136.8% | 12.9% | 38.4% | 18.7% | β0.5% | 21.8% | 15.5% | 31.3% |
| EPS growth | 27.0% | β34.5% | 137.6% | 13.8% | 39.8% | 19.9% | 0.3% | 21.9% | 15.6% | 31.6% |
| FCF growth | 25.6% | 2.8% | 18.6% | 18.2% | 24.1% | 16.1% | β8.7% | 24.5% | β3.3% | β6.5% |
| Share count change | β2.3% | β0.5% | β0.5% | β0.9% | β1.0% | β0.9% | β0.9% | β0.0% | β0.1% | β0.2% |
| Financial health | ||||||||||
| Net debt / EBITDA | β1.2x | β1.2x | β1.0x | β1.0x | β0.7x | β0.4x | β0.5x | 0.0x | β0.0x | 0.2x |
| Debt / equity | 1.0x | 1.0x | 0.8x | 0.6x | 0.5x | 0.4x | 0.3x | 0.3x | 0.3x | 0.2x |
| Interest coverage | 13.1x | 12.8x | 16.0x | 20.4x | 29.8x | 40.4x | 45.0x | 37.3x | 53.9x | 50.9x |
| Current ratio | 2.9x | 2.9x | 2.5x | 2.5x | 2.1x | 1.8x | 1.8x | 1.3x | 1.4x | 1.2x |
| Quick ratio | 2.9x | 2.9x | 2.5x | 2.5x | 2.1x | 1.8x | 1.8x | 1.3x | 1.4x | 1.2x |
| Capital allocation | ||||||||||
| Capex / revenue | 8.4% | 10.5% | 11.1% | 10.8% | 12.3% | 12.1% | 13.3% | 18.1% | 22.9% | 34.9% |
| Stock comp / revenue | 3.4% | 3.6% | 3.7% | 3.7% | 3.6% | 3.8% | 4.5% | 4.4% | 4.3% | 3.7% |
| Payouts / FCF | 75.3% | 72.6% | 87.2% | 84.2% | 78.2% | 78.0% | 70.7% | 52.7% | 59.4% | 72.7% |
| Quality scores | ||||||||||
| Piotroski F-score | 7.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 |
| Altman Z'' | 4.4 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.6 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.6 |
| Accruals ratio | β6.3% | β10.7% | β4.8% | β5.6% | β4.9% | β4.7% | β3.9% | β6.6% | β6.1% | β7.1% |
In plain words: Every number we have, year by year. Download it as a spreadsheet if you want to dig deeper.
Source: SEC EDGAR XBRL filings (CIK 0000789019). Data updated October 23, 2026. Quarterly fourth quarters are the full year minus the first nine months. For information only β not investment advice. Check the original filings before relying on any figure.
