MEDP Nasdaq Life Sciences Tools & Services Financials FY2016–FY2025
Medpace had $2.5B of revenue in fiscal 2025, up 20.0% on the year before. Over five years, revenue changed +22.3% a year on average.
Hi! I read Medpace’s latest annual report (fiscal 2025). Here is what stands out:
Good So-so Weak
Are sales growing?
+20.0%
Yes. Sales grew 20.0% last year.
Does it make a profit?
17.8%
Yes. It keeps 17.8% of every sale as profit.
Does profit turn into cash?
27.0%
Yes. 27.0% of sales ends up as free cash.
Is debt under control?
Net cash
Yes. It has more cash than debt.
How healthy are the accounts?
4 / 8
Mixed. It passes 4 of 8 health tests.
How is the share priced?
37.6x
One share costs 37.6 times its yearly profit per share. Typical for its sector: 27.9x.
Rules of thumb on reported numbers. A starting point, not a recommendation.
About these figures. Medpace's 2025 return on capital is blank: its cash nearly matches its equity and debt, so the ratio isn't meaningful. Its interest coverage is blank from 2025, when it had no borrowings and reported no interest expense.
Is it selling more, and how much does it keep?
KIRA · Medpace had $2.5B of revenue in fiscal 2025, up 20.0% on the year before. Over five years, revenue changed +22.3% a year on average. Its operating margin was 21.1%, down 0.1 pts: of every 100 in sales, about 21 is left after running the business.
In plain words: Revenue is all the money customers paid. The margins show how many cents of each dollar of sales are left over at each step: after making the product (gross), after running the business (operating) and after everything, tax included (net).
Revenue
Revenue
Margins, % of revenue
Margins, % of revenue
KIRA · Medpace made $451M of net profit in fiscal 2025. From fiscal 2016 to 2025, diluted EPS grew 51.2% a year.
Loss periods are shown in red.
In plain words: Net income is the profit left after every cost and tax. Earnings per share (EPS) splits that profit across every share, so it shows what one share earned.
Net income
Net income
Diluted EPS
Diluted EPS
How much cash comes in, and where does it go?
KIRA · Free cash flow was $682M in fiscal 2025, 27.0% of revenue.
Cash from operations minus capital spending.
In plain words: Profit on paper is not the same as cash in the bank. Free cash flow is the cash left after paying to run and maintain the business: the money it can hand back to shareholders, save or invest.
Free cash flow
Free cash flow
Cash from operations vs capital spending
Cash from operations vs capital spending
KIRA · Medpace returned $917M to shareholders in fiscal 2025, 135% of free cash flow. The diluted share count fell 7.8%.
In plain words: Companies hand cash back in two ways: dividends (cash paid to shareholders) and buybacks (buying back their own shares, so each remaining share owns a bigger slice).
Dividends and buybacks
Dividends and buybacks
Diluted shares outstanding (annual)
KIRA · In the last 12 months, insiders sold $467M of shares on the open market and bought none.
Open-market purchases and sales by officers, directors and 10% owners, from Form 4 filings. “Plan” marks trades under a pre-arranged Rule 10b5-1 plan.
In plain words: Insiders are the people who run or own a big part of the company. Buying with their own money can signal confidence; selling often has personal reasons, like taxes or diversifying.
Bought, 12 months
$0.0M
0 insiders
Sold, 12 months
$467M
9 insiders
Of sales under plans
3%
$12.8M
| Date | Insider | Trade | Shares | Price | Value | Filing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sep 30, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 21,966 | $625.47 | $13.7M | Form 4 |
| Sep 29, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 26,701 | $621.02 | $16.6M | Form 4 |
| Sep 28, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 2,410 | $620.07 | $1.5M | Form 4 |
| Sep 25, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 154 | $620.60 | $0.1M | Form 4 |
| Sep 24, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 27,833 | $621.33 | $17.3M | Form 4 |
| Sep 23, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 16,083 | $628.64 | $10.1M | Form 4 |
| Sep 22, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 49,018 | $628.11 | $30.8M | Form 4 |
| Sep 21, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 21,883 | $623.29 | $13.6M | Form 4 |
| Sep 17, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 10,880 | $620.40 | $6.7M | Form 4 |
| Sep 16, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 8,770 | $621.29 | $5.4M | Form 4 |
| Sep 15, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 15,971 | $620.84 | $9.9M | Form 4 |
| Aug 27, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 650 | $620.27 | $0.4M | Form 4 |
| Aug 26, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 4,000 | $620.03 | $2.5M | Form 4 |
| Aug 26, 2026 | Robert O. KraftDirector | Sold | 3,858 | $617.81 | $2.4M | Form 4 |
| Aug 25, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 673 | $620.38 | $0.4M | Form 4 |
| Aug 24, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 1,983 | $620.23 | $1.2M | Form 4 |
| Aug 21, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 13,995 | $624.45 | $8.7M | Form 4 |
| Aug 20, 2026 | Kevin M. BradyCFO & Treasurer | Sold | 3,400 | $625.24 | $2.1M | Form 4 |
| Aug 20, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 27,174 | $618.79 | $16.8M | Form 4 |
| Aug 19, 2026 | Brian T CarleyDirector | Sold | 5,000 | $608.63 | $3.0M | Form 4 |
| Aug 19, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 15,609 | $606.47 | $9.5M | Form 4 |
| Aug 19, 2026 | Fred B Davenport JrDirector | Sold | 7,283 | $606.15 | $4.4M | Form 4 |
| Aug 13, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 458 | $600.39 | $0.3M | Form 4 |
| Aug 12, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 11,366 | $601.53 | $6.8M | Form 4 |
| Aug 11, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 17,610 | $605.11 | $10.7M | Form 4 |
| Aug 11, 2026 | Cornelius P. McCarthy IIIDirector | Sold | 1,140 | $605.37 | $0.7M | Form 4 |
| Aug 10, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 5,534 | $601.53 | $3.3M | Form 4 |
| Aug 7, 2026 | Cornelius P. McCarthy IIIDirector | Sold | 795 | $585.07 | $0.5M | Form 4 |
| Jul 28, 2026 | Susan E BurwigExec. VP, Operations | Sold | 7,500 | $600.00 | $4.5M | Form 4 |
| Jul 28, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 3,510 | $600.01 | $2.1M | Form 4 |
| Jul 27, 2026 | August J. TroendlePresident & CEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 3,728 | $600.85 | $2.2M | Form 4 |
| May 28, 2026 | Stephen P EwaldGeneral Counsel & Corp. Secy. | Sold | 16,349 | $450.00 | $7.4M | Form 4 |
| Mar 17, 2026 | Jesse J GeigerPresident | Sold | 31,707 | $455.30 | $14.4M | Form 4 |
| Dec 3, 2025 | August J. TroendleCEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 668 | $590.69 | $0.4M | Form 4 |
| Dec 2, 2025 | August J. TroendleCEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 5,698 | $590.47 | $3.4M | Form 4 |
| Dec 1, 2025 | August J. TroendleCEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 23,178 | $593.25 | $13.8M | Form 4 |
| Nov 28, 2025 | August J. TroendleCEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 15,151 | $593.46 | $9.0M | Form 4 |
| Nov 26, 2025 | August J. TroendleCEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 41,331 | $606.88 | $25.1M | Form 4 |
| Nov 25, 2025 | August J. TroendleCEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 42,392 | $615.52 | $26.1M | Form 4 |
| Nov 24, 2025 | August J. TroendleCEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 59,025 | $607.78 | $35.9M | Form 4 |
| Nov 24, 2025 | Susan E BurwigExec. VP, Operations | Sold | 20,000 | $609.15 | $12.2M | Form 4 |
| Nov 21, 2025 | August J. TroendleCEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 21,858 | $592.18 | $12.9M | Form 4 |
| Nov 21, 2025 | Kevin M. BradyCFO & Treasurer | Sold | 3,000 | $590.35 | $1.8M | Form 4 |
| Nov 20, 2025 | August J. TroendleCEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 6,830 | $598.49 | $4.1M | Form 4 |
| Nov 19, 2025 | August J. TroendleCEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 23,862 | $592.07 | $14.1M | Form 4 |
| Nov 18, 2025 | August J. TroendleCEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 7,191 | $590.84 | $4.2M | Form 4 |
| Nov 17, 2025 | August J. TroendleCEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 6,047 | $591.00 | $3.6M | Form 4 |
| Nov 14, 2025 | August J. TroendleCEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 14,747 | $595.26 | $8.8M | Form 4 |
| Nov 14, 2025 | Robert O. KraftDirector | Sold | 6,472 | $591.85 | $3.8M | Form 4 |
| Nov 13, 2025 | August J. TroendleCEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 5,128 | $601.37 | $3.1M | Form 4 |
| Nov 12, 2025 | August J. TroendleCEO, Director, 10% owner | Sold | 5,312 | $603.23 | $3.2M | Form 4 |
| Nov 11, 2025 | Susan E BurwigExec. VP, Operations | Sold | 18,000 | $605.00 | $10.9M | Form 4 |
| Nov 5, 2025 | Jesse J GeigerPresident | Sold plan | 21,503 | $595.66 | $12.8M | Form 4 |
| Oct 30, 2025 | Fred B Davenport JrDirector | Sold | 5,972 | $581.88 | $3.5M | Form 4 |
| Oct 29, 2025 | Jesse J GeigerPresident | Sold | 3,568 | $585.00 | $2.1M | Form 4 |
| Oct 27, 2025 | Stephen P EwaldGeneral Counsel & Corp. Secy. | Sold | 15,230 | $598.85 | $9.1M | Form 4 |
| Oct 27, 2025 | Jesse J GeigerPresident | Sold | 19,460 | $605.12 | $11.8M | Form 4 |
| Oct 27, 2025 | Susan E BurwigExec. VP, Operations | Sold | 2,000 | $605.01 | $1.2M | Form 4 |
Can it carry its debts, and how well does it use its money?
KIRA · Medpace has $497M more cash than debt.
Cash, debt and the ratios that show how comfortably Medpace can carry it.
In plain words: What the company owns and what it owes. More cash than debt is a cushion for bad times; a lot of debt leaves less room when business slows down.
Cash vs debt (incl. leases)
| Fiscal year end | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash and short-term investments | $461M | $28.3M | $245M | $669M | $497M |
| Debt incl. finance leases | $0.0M | $50.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M |
| Net debt / EBITDA | −2.1x | 0.1x | −0.7x | −1.4x | −0.9x |
| Debt / equity | 0.0x | 0.1x | 0.0x | 0.0x | 0.0x |
| Interest coverage | 1,614.8x | 95.0x | 110.2x | 2,613.3x | — |
| Current ratio | 1.2x | 0.4x | 0.6x | 0.9x | 0.7x |
| Quick ratio | 1.2x | 0.4x | 0.6x | 0.9x | 0.7x |
| Total assets | $1.7B | $1.4B | $1.7B | $2.1B | $2.0B |
| Total liabilities | $707M | $966M | $1.1B | $1.3B | $1.5B |
| Shareholders' equity | $953M | $386M | $559M | $826M | $459M |
| Net debt (− = net cash) | −$461M | $21.7M | −$245M | −$669M | −$497M |
After-tax operating income as a share of the money invested in the business: debt plus equity, minus cash.
In plain words: How much profit the business makes on the money put into it. A higher percentage means each dollar invested works harder.
Return on capital, equity and assets (annual)
KIRA · Medpace passes 4 of 8 financial health tests (Piotroski F-score).
Nine pass/fail tests of profitability, funding and efficiency. 8–9 is strong, 0–2 weak.
In plain words: Nine yes/no tests of financial health, one point each. A green tick is a pass: 7 to 9 points is solid, 0 to 3 is weak.
| Test | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net income is positive | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Cash from operations is positive | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Return on assets rose | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ |
| Cash from operations exceeds net income | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Debt fell relative to assets | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ |
| Current ratio rose | ✓ | ✓ | ✕ |
| Share count didn't rise | ✓ | ✕ | ✓ |
| Gross margin rose | — | — | — |
| Revenue rose relative to assets | ✓ | ✕ | ✕ |
| F-score | 8 / 8 | 5 / 8 | 4 / 8 |
| Accruals ratio | −10.0% | −10.9% | −12.9% |
| Altman Z'' | 0.15 | 1.89 | 0.20 |
What does the share cost, and how does it compare?
KIRA · At $676.77 a share, the company is worth $19.2B: 37.6 times its earnings of the last four quarters.
Change the assumptions and see what they imply per share. These are models, not forecasts or price targets — the answer depends entirely on what you put in.
In plain words: Move the sliders to try your own guesses about growth. The result is what one share would be worth if those guesses came true. Different guesses give very different answers.
Value per share
—
Adds net cash of $497M and divides by 29.5M diluted shares. Ten years of cash flows plus a terminal value, discounted to today.
Value per share
—
Reference multiples: today 37.2x · peers 42.0x · sector 27.9x.
KIRA · Medpace grew sales faster than 4 of its 4 similar companies. Its P/E is higher than 0 of 2.
Each company’s latest fiscal year. Fiscal years end in different months, so periods don’t line up exactly.
In plain words: The same numbers for similar companies, so you can tell whether a figure is high or low for this kind of business.
| Company | Market cap | Growth | Op. margin | FCF margin | ROIC | P/E | F-score | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medpace MEDP | $19.2B | 20.0% | 21.1% | 27.0% | — | 37.6x | 4 | |
| Bio-Rad Laboratories BIO | $10.0B | 0.7% | 1.8% | 14.5% | 0.5% | 46.6x | 5 | Compare → |
| Waters WAT | $44.8B | 7.0% | 25.4% | 17.1% | 21.0% | — | 6 | Compare → |
| Charles River Laboratories CRL | $17.1B | −0.9% | 0.6% | 12.9% | 0.4% | — | 4 | Compare → |
| Mettler Toledo MTD | $33.7B | 4.0% | — | 21.1% | 50.5% | 37.6x | 7 | Compare → |
Every number, year by year.
Amounts in USD. Hover a ratio’s name for its definition.
In plain words: Every number we have, year by year. Download it as a spreadsheet if you want to dig deeper.
| Fiscal year | FY16 | FY17 | FY18 | FY19 | FY20 | FY21 | FY22 | FY23 | FY24 | FY25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income statement | ||||||||||
| Revenue | $422M | $436M | $705M | $861M | $926M | $1.1B | $1.5B | $1.9B | $2.1B | $2.5B |
| Operating income | $52.5M | $64.9M | $101M | $127M | $167M | $199M | $279M | $337M | $447M | $535M |
| Interest expense | $16.9M | $6.9M | $7.6M | $1.5M | $0.1M | $0.1M | $2.9M | $3.1M | $0.2M | $0.0M |
| Pretax income | $22.0M | $56.9M | $94.0M | $125M | $169M | $202M | $283M | $336M | $476M | $542M |
| Income tax | $8.5M | $17.8M | $20.8M | $24.4M | $23.1M | $20.0M | $37.5M | $52.9M | $71.5M | $91.3M |
| Net income | $13.4M | $39.1M | $73.2M | $100M | $145M | $182M | $245M | $283M | $404M | $451M |
| Diluted EPS | $0.37 | $0.98 | $1.97 | $2.67 | $3.84 | $4.81 | $7.28 | $8.88 | $12.63 | $15.28 |
| Diluted shares | 0.04B | 0.04B | 0.04B | 0.04B | 0.04B | 0.04B | 0.03B | 0.03B | 0.03B | 0.03B |
| Cash flow | ||||||||||
| Cash from operations | $91.7M | $97.4M | $157M | $202M | $259M | $263M | $388M | $433M | $609M | $713M |
| Capital expenditure | $13.5M | $11.7M | $16.0M | $17.9M | $31.3M | $28.3M | $36.9M | $36.6M | $36.5M | $31.4M |
| Free cash flow | $78.2M | $85.7M | $141M | $184M | $227M | $235M | $351M | $397M | $572M | $682M |
| Depreciation and amortization | $58.1M | $46.5M | $38.8M | $23.2M | $19.5M | $21.1M | $22.3M | $26.3M | $29.3M | $28.1M |
| Stock-based compensation | $9.8M | $4.5M | $6.5M | $20.7M | $13.8M | $14.5M | $21.4M | $20.5M | $25.5M | $34.8M |
| Acquisitions | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M |
| Share buybacks | $0.0M | $156M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $98.3M | $62.1M | $848M | $144M | $170M | $917M |
| Dividends paid | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M |
| Dividends and buybacks | $0.0M | $156M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $98.3M | $62.1M | $848M | $144M | $170M | $917M |
| Balance sheet | ||||||||||
| Cash and short-term investments | $37.1M | $26.5M | $23.3M | $132M | $278M | $461M | $28.3M | $245M | $669M | $497M |
| Total debt | $165M | $222M | $79.7M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $50.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M |
| Finance lease liabilities | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M |
| Current assets | $133M | $130M | $178M | $317M | $474M | $691M | $334M | $594M | $1.0B | $990M |
| Current liabilities | $169M | $193M | $257M | $343M | $440M | $557M | $804M | $925M | $1.1B | $1.3B |
| Inventory | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M | $0.0M |
| Property and equipment, net | $43.8M | $48.7M | $52.3M | $47.3M | $85.0M | $93.2M | $110M | $121M | $124M | $131M |
| Total assets | $979M | $951M | $968M | $1.1B | $1.4B | $1.7B | $1.4B | $1.7B | $2.1B | $2.0B |
| Total liabilities | $368M | $447M | $378M | $417M | $585M | $707M | $966M | $1.1B | $1.3B | $1.5B |
| Shareholders' equity | $611M | $509M | $599M | $726M | $806M | $953M | $386M | $559M | $826M | $459M |
| Margins | ||||||||||
| Operating margin | 12.5% | 14.9% | 14.3% | 14.8% | 18.0% | 17.4% | 19.1% | 17.9% | 21.2% | 21.1% |
| EBITDA margin | 26.2% | 25.5% | 19.9% | 17.5% | 20.2% | 19.2% | 20.6% | 19.3% | 22.6% | 22.3% |
| Net margin | 3.2% | 9.0% | 10.4% | 11.7% | 15.7% | 15.9% | 16.8% | 15.0% | 19.2% | 17.8% |
| FCF margin | 18.6% | 19.6% | 20.0% | 21.4% | 24.6% | 20.6% | 24.1% | 21.0% | 27.1% | 27.0% |
| Returns | ||||||||||
| Return on capital | 4.2% | 6.2% | 11.6% | 16.4% | 25.7% | 35.1% | 53.7% | 78.7% | 161.7% | — |
| Return on capital employed | 6.3% | 8.3% | 13.8% | 16.9% | 19.1% | 19.4% | 33.8% | 52.6% | 51.7% | 65.7% |
| Return on equity | 2.6% | 7.0% | 13.2% | 15.2% | 19.0% | 20.7% | 36.6% | 59.8% | 58.4% | 70.2% |
| Return on assets | 1.4% | 4.1% | 7.6% | 9.5% | 11.5% | 11.9% | 16.3% | 18.8% | 21.5% | 22.1% |
| Growth | ||||||||||
| Revenue growth | 17.4% | 3.5% | 61.6% | 22.2% | 7.5% | 23.4% | 27.8% | 29.2% | 11.8% | 20.0% |
| Net income growth | — | 191.4% | 87.1% | 37.3% | 44.7% | 25.1% | 34.9% | 15.3% | 43.0% | 11.6% |
| EPS growth | — | 164.9% | 101.0% | 35.5% | 43.8% | 25.3% | 51.4% | 22.0% | 42.2% | 21.0% |
| FCF growth | −1.5% | 9.6% | 64.1% | 30.9% | 23.6% | 3.4% | 49.4% | 13.0% | 44.3% | 19.2% |
| Share count change | 15.9% | 9.7% | −7.4% | 1.8% | 0.4% | −0.0% | −10.7% | −5.4% | 0.5% | −7.8% |
| Financial health | ||||||||||
| Net debt / EBITDA | 1.2x | 1.8x | 0.4x | −0.9x | −1.5x | −2.1x | 0.1x | −0.7x | −1.4x | −0.9x |
| Debt / equity | 0.3x | 0.4x | 0.1x | 0.0x | 0.0x | 0.0x | 0.1x | 0.0x | 0.0x | 0.0x |
| Interest coverage | 3.1x | 9.4x | 13.3x | 85.5x | 1,606.2x | 1,614.8x | 95.0x | 110.2x | 2,613.3x | — |
| Current ratio | 0.8x | 0.7x | 0.7x | 0.9x | 1.1x | 1.2x | 0.4x | 0.6x | 0.9x | 0.7x |
| Quick ratio | 0.8x | 0.7x | 0.7x | 0.9x | 1.1x | 1.2x | 0.4x | 0.6x | 0.9x | 0.7x |
| Capital allocation | ||||||||||
| Capex / revenue | 3.2% | 2.7% | 2.3% | 2.1% | 3.4% | 2.5% | 2.5% | 1.9% | 1.7% | 1.2% |
| Stock comp / revenue | 2.3% | 1.0% | 0.9% | 2.4% | 1.5% | 1.3% | 1.5% | 1.1% | 1.2% | 1.4% |
| Payouts / FCF | 0.0% | 181.6% | 0.0% | 0.0% | 43.2% | 26.4% | 241.4% | 36.3% | 29.7% | 134.5% |
| Quality scores | ||||||||||
| Piotroski F-score | — | 5.0 | 8.0 | 7.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 5.0 | 4.0 |
| Altman Z'' | 1.8 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 3.2 | −1.3 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 0.2 |
| Accruals ratio | −8.0% | −6.0% | −8.7% | −9.6% | −8.9% | −5.3% | −9.5% | −10.0% | −10.9% | −12.9% |
Source: SEC EDGAR XBRL filings (CIK 0001668397). Data updated October 22, 2026. Quarterly fourth quarters are the full year minus the first nine months. For information only — not investment advice. Check the original filings before relying on any figure.
